238 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
238 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
## Fira Code: 免费的编程连字等宽字体
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### 问题
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开发者们使用的多标记，通常都是用几个字符编码。对于人的大脑来说，像`->`、`<=`或`:=`这样的序列是单一的逻辑标记，即使它们在屏幕上显示两到三个字符。您的眼睛并非无消耗的来扫描、解析并将多个字符连接到一个逻辑字符中。理想情况下，所有编程语言都应该为操作符设计成熟的Unicode符号，但现在还不是这样。
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### 解决方案
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Fira Code是一种免费的等宽字体，包含常用的编程语言中多种字符组合的连字。这只是一个字体呈现功能，底层代码仍然与ASCII兼容。这有助于更快地阅读和理解代码。对于一些常见的序列，如`..`或`//`，连字允许我们纠正间距。
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### 下载和安装
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<a href="https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/releases/download/6.2/Fira_Code_v6.2.zip"><img alt="Fira_Code_v6.2.zip - December 6, 2021 - 2.5 MB" src="./extras/download.png" width="520"></a>
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下一步：
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- [如何安装](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki)
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- [疑难解答](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki#troubleshooting)
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- [相关新闻](https://twitter.com/FiraCode)
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### 赞助商
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<a href="https://github.com/sponsors/tonsky" target="_blank"><img alt="Sponsor" src="./extras/sponsor.png"></a>
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Fira Code 是一个个人的，空闲时间的项目，没有资金和大量的 [功能请求积压](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/issues)。如果你也热爱这个项目, 考虑通过 [GitHub Sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/tonsky) 或 [Patreon](https://patreon.com/tonsky) 来支持它的发展。任何帮助都很重要！
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### 字体里都有哪些特征?
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左侧：Fira Code中呈现的连字。右侧：没有连字的相同字符序列。
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<img src="./extras/ligatures.png" width="754">
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Fira Code 带有种类繁多的箭头。更棒的是：您可以随心所欲地制作它们，并根据需要组合开始/中间/结束片段！
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<img src="./extras/arrows.png" width="754">
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Fira Code 不仅与连字有关，还对标点符号和频繁的字母对进行了一些微调。
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<img src="./extras/typographics.png" width="754">
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Fira Code 带有各种各样的箭头，更棒的是，您可以随心所欲地制作它们，并且可以任意组合开始/中间/结束片段！[如何启用](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/How-to-enable-stylistic-sets)
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<img src="./extras/character_variants.png" width="754">
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可以使用样式集/字符变体更改或启用某些连字：
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<img src="./extras/ligature_variants.png" width="754">
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作为一种编程字体，Fira Code 对 ASCII/框绘图、电力线和其他形式的控制台 UI 具有出色的支持：
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<img src="./extras/console.png" width="754">
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Fira Code 是第一个提供专用字形来渲染进度条的编程字体：
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<img src="./extras/progress.png" width="754">
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在运行中:
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<img src="./extras/progress.gif" width="560">
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我们希望更多的编程字体能够采用这个约定并发布自己的版本。
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Unicode 覆盖使 Fira Code 成为数学写作的绝佳选择：
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<img src="./extras/math.png" width="754">
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### 它看起来怎样?
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<img src="./extras/samples.png" width="754">
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<img src="./extras/samples2.png" width="754">
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### 编辑器兼容性列表
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| 支持 | 不支持 |
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|-------|----------------|
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| **Abricotine** | **Arduino IDE** |
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| **Android Studio** (2.3+, [说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/IntelliJ-products-instructions)) | **Adobe Dreamweaver** |
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| **Anjuta** (除非在 EOF) | **Delphi IDE** |
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| **AppCode** (2016.2+, [说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/IntelliJ-products-instructions)) | Standalone **Emacs** ([解决方法](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/Emacs-instructions)) |
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| **Atom** 1.1 或更新版本 ([说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/Atom-instructions)) | **Godot** ([问题](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/issues/9961)) |
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| **BBEdit/TextWrangler** (仅限 v. 11, [说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/BBEdit-instructions)) | **IDLE** |
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| **Brackets** (使用 [此插件](https://github.com/polo2ro/firacode-in-brackets)) | **KDevelop 4** |
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| **Chocolat** | **Monkey Studio IDE** |
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| **CLion** (2016.2+, [说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/IntelliJ-products-instructions)) | **UltraEdit** |
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| **Cloud9** ([说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/Cloud9-Instructions)) |
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| **Coda 2** |
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| **CodeLite** |
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| **CodeRunner** |
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| **CotEditor** |
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| **Eclipse** |
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| **elementary Code** |
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| **Geany** (1.37+) |
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| **gEdit / Pluma** |
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| **GNOME Builder** |
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| **GoormIDE** ([说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/GoormIDE-Instructions)) |
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| **gVim** ([Windows](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/issues/462), [GTK](https://vimhelp.org/options.txt.html#%27guiligatures%27)) |
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| **IntelliJ IDEA** (2016.2+, [说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/IntelliJ-products-instructions)) |
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| **Kate, KWrite** |
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| **KDevelop 5+** |
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| **Komodo** |
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| **Leafpad** |
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| **LibreOffice** |
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| **LightTable** ([说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/LightTable-instructions)) |
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| **LINQPad** |
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| **MacVim** 7.4 或更新版本 ([说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/MacVim-instructions)) |
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| **Mancy** |
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| **MATLAB** ([说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/MATLAB-for-Windows-Instructions)) |
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| **Meld** |
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| **Mousepad** |
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| **NeoVim-gtk** |
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| **NetBeans** |
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| **Notepad** (Windows) |
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| **Notepad++** ([解决方法](https://github.com/notepad-plus-plus/notepad-plus-plus/issues/2287#issuecomment-256638098)) |
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| **Notepad3** ([说明](https://github.com/rizonesoft/Notepad3/issues/361#issuecomment-365977420))|
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| **Nova** |
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| **PhpStorm** (2016.2+, [说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/IntelliJ-products-instructions)) |
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| **PyCharm** (2016.2+, [说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/IntelliJ-products-instructions)) |
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| **QOwnNotes** (21.16.6+) |
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| **QtCreator** |
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| **Rider** |
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| **RStudio** ([说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/RStudio-instructions)) |
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| **RubyMine** (2016.2+, [说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/IntelliJ-products-instructions)) |
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| **Scratch** |
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| **Scribus** (1.5.3+) |
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| **SublimeText** (3146+) |
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| **Spyder IDE** (仅适用于 Qt5) |
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| **SuperCollider 3** |
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| **TextAdept** (Linux, macOS) |
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| **TextEdit** |
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| **TextMate 2** |
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| **VimR** ([说明](https://github.com/qvacua/vimr/wiki#ligatures)) |
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| **Visual Studio** (2015+, [说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/Visual-Studio-Instructions)) |
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| **Visual Studio Code** ([说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/VS-Code-Instructions)) |
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| **WebStorm** (2016.2+, [说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/IntelliJ-products-instructions)) |
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| **Xamarin Studio/Monodevelop** |
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| **Xcode** (8.0+, 否则 [使用插件](https://github.com/robertvojta/LigatureXcodePlugin)) |
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| **Xi** |
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| Probably work: **Smultron, Vico** | Under question: **Code::Blocks IDE** |
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### 终端兼容性列表
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| 平台 | 支持 | 不支持 |
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|----------------|-------|--------------|
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| macOS | Hyper (参见 [#3607](https://github.com/vercel/hyper/issues/3607))<br>iTerm 2<br>Kitty<br>Terminal.app<br>ZOC | Alacritty |
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| Windows | Hyper (参见 [#3607](https://github.com/vercel/hyper/issues/3607))<br>Mintty<br>Token2Shell<br>Windows Terminal | Alacritty<br>Cmder<br>ConEmu<br>PuTTY<br>Windows Console<br>ZOC |
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| Linux | Hyper (参见 [#3607](https://github.com/vercel/hyper/issues/3607))<br>Kitty<br>Konsole<br>QTerminal<br>Termux<br>st ([补丁](https://st.suckless.org/patches/ligatures/)) | Alacritty<br>GNOME Terminal<br>libvte-based terminals ([缺陷报告](https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=584160)): <ul><li>gtkterm<li>guake<li>LXTerminal<li> sakura<li>Terminator<li>xfce4-terminal</ul>mate-terminal<br>rxvt<br>terminology<br>xterm
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| ChromeOS | crosh ([说明](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode/wiki/ChromeOS-Terminal)) | |
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### 浏览器支持
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```html
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<!-- HTML -->
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/firacode@6.2.0/distr/fira_code.css">
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```
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```css
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/* CSS */
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@import url(https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/firacode@6.2.0/distr/fira_code.css);
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```
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```css
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/* Specify in CSS */
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code { font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace; }
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@supports (font-variation-settings: normal) {
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code { font-family: 'Fira Code VF', monospace; }
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}
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```
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- IE 10+, Edge Legacy: 启用 `font-feature-settings: "calt";`
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- Firefox
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- Safari
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- Chromium-based browsers (Chrome, Opera)
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- ACE
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- CodeMirror (enable with `font-variant-ligatures: contextual;`)
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### 使用 Fira Code的项目
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- [CodePen](https://codepen.io/)
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- [Blink Shell](http://www.blink.sh/)
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- [Klipse](http://app.klipse.tech/)
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- [IlyaBirman.net](http://ilyabirman.net/)
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- [EvilMartians.com](https://evilmartians.com/)
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- [Web Maker](https://webmakerapp.com/)
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- [FromScratch](https://fromscratch.rocks/)
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- [PEP20.org](https://pep20.org/)
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### 备选方案
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带连字的免费等宽字体：
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- [Hasklig](https://github.com/i-tu/Hasklig)
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- [Monoid](http://larsenwork.com/monoid/)
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- [Fixedsys Excelsior](https://github.com/kika/fixedsys)
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- [Iosevka](https://be5invis.github.io/Iosevka/)
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- [DejaVu Sans Code](https://github.com/SSNikolaevich/DejaVuSansCode)
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- [Victor Mono](https://rubjo.github.io/victor-mono/)
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- [Cascadia Code](https://github.com/microsoft/cascadia-code)
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- [JetBrains Mono](https://github.com/JetBrains/JetBrainsMono)
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带连字的付费等宽字体:
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- [PragmataPro](http://www.fsd.it/fonts/pragmatapro.htm)
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- [Mono Lisa](https://www.monolisa.dev/)
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### 在本地构建 Fira Code
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如果您想更改 FiraCode.glyphs 并自己构建 OTF / TTF / WOFF 文件，这是我在 macOS 上使用的设置：
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```bash
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# install all required build tools
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./script/bootstrap_macos.sh
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# build the font files
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./script/build.sh
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# install OTFs to ~/Library/Fonts
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cp distr/otf/*.otf ~/Library/Fonts
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```
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或者，您可以使用 Docker 构建 Fira Code：
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```bash
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# install dependencies in a container and build the font files
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make
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# package the font files from dist/ into a zip
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make package
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```
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### 制作人员
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- 作者: Nikita Prokopov [@nikitonsky](https://twitter.com/nikitonsky)
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- 基于此项目: [Fira Mono](https://github.com/mozilla/Fira)
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- 灵感来源: [Hasklig](https://github.com/i-tu/Hasklig)
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- 翻译：墨抒颖[@moshuying](https://github.com/moshuying)
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