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Markdown
420 lines
No EOL
16 KiB
Markdown
# Workspace-in-docker
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Workspace-in-docker has all the features of the *Base-Workspace*, and in addition it includes
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a powerful browser-based version of Visual Studio Code. It is a lightweight VM alternative, which provides full isolation,
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consumes little resources and contains full-fledged IDE.
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![Workspaces are amazing!](./img/workspace-demo.gif)
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This workspace allows complete isolation of many IT-related projects, such as software development, devops, QA, data analysis, data engineering, data science and other.
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Workspace can be used as local development environment, as well as remote, when started on the cloud server, and can be secured with password.
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Workspace-in-docker allows to completely isolate and switch easily between projects that involve multiple programming languages, cloud CLIs,
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k8s clusters, configurations and have system dependencies. Withou this workspace swithing between such complex environments would require multiple actions and can be tedious work.
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Workspace-in-docker is great for collaborative work - itcan be easily shared, moved to any cloud server, backed up, has versions and can be easily extended and customized.
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Can be used as build, test or even runtime environment.
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Workspace-in-docker is a good choice if you want control and versatility. It is lightweight,
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includes open-source tools and nearly as convenient as working directly with a local environment.
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## Contents
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* [What's included](#what's-included)
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* [Use-cases](#use-cases)
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* [Launch Workspace](#launch-workspace)
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* [Workspace terminal](#workspace-terminal)
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* [Multiple workspaces](#multipl-workspaces)
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* [Open more ports](#open-more-ports)
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* [Run as root](#run-as-root)
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* [Docker in docker](#docker-in-docker)
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* [Run on remote server](#run-on-remote-server)
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* [Use Workspace](#use-workspace)
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* [Install new packages](#install-new-packages)
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* [Schedule jobs with Cron](#schedule-jobs-with-cron)
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* [Python](#python)
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* [Node.js](#node.js)
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* [Run applications and services inside the workspace](#run-applications-and-service-inside-the-workspace)
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* [Manage workspaces](#manage-workspaces)
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* [Start and stop workspaces](#start-and-stop-workspaces)
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* [Create new workspace image](#create-new-workspace-image)
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* [Manage workspace images](#manage-workspace-images)
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* [Save and load workspace images](#save-and-load-workspace-images)
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## What's included
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- **Workspace UI** - launch all workspace tools from one place.
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- [**Eclipse Theia**](https://theia-ide.org/docs/) - open source version of popular Visual Studio Code IDE. Theia is trully open-source, has
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VS-Code extensions and works in browser. This means it can run inside a docker container on local machine or in cloud.
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- [**FileBrowser**](https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser) - manage files and folders inside the workspace, and exchange data between local environment and the workspace
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- [**Cronicle**](https://github.com/jhuckaby/Cronicle) - task scheduler and runner, with a web based front-end UI. It handles both scheduled, repeating and on-demand jobs, targeting any number of worker servers, with real-time stats and live log viewer.
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- [**Static File Server**](https://github.com/vercel/serve) - view any static html sites as easy as if you do it on your local machine. Serve static websites easily.
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- [**Ungit**](https://github.com/FredrikNoren/ungit) - rings user friendliness to git without sacrificing the versatility of it.
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- [**MkDocs**](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/) - maintain documentation for your workspace or project with only markdown.
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Built on top of Base-workspace and Ubuntu-workspace, this workspace has all the features those workspaces have.
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In particular, workspace-in-docker provides excellent experience when working directly in the terminal, and has docker-in-docker.
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## Use-cases
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Based on Ubuntu, this workspace works best for users who know what `apt-install` is. This workspace has open-source WEB-based
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VS-code variant, and a set of tools that make it easy to manage data inside docker, exchange files with local environnment, work with Git
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and create beautiful documentations for your projects.
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Workspace-in-docker has Python and Node.js, but if you need other runtimes such as Java, Ruby or Go, you will have to install it yourself.
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## Launch Workspace
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Workspaces - are merely docker containers, that's why managing workspaces is easy and intuitive - it is enough to know only docker commands,
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no need to learn any new tools.
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In order to avoid confusion, the following convention is adopted:
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```sh
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command to execute outside of the workspace
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```
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> `command to execute inside the workspace (after entering running docker container)`
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To start a workspace simply execute in terminal
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```sh
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docker run --name space-1 -d -p 8020-8030:8020-8030 alnoda/workspace-in-docker
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```
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***Open [http://localhost:8020](http://localhost:8020)***
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Workspace has web-based documentation with home page, from where you can open any workspace tool.
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It is recommended to run workspace in the daemon mode.
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### Workspace terminal
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There are 2 ways how to work with terminal inside the workspace-in-docker:
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- use terminal provided by in-browser IDE [http://localhost:8025](http://localhost:8025) ([unless other ports are mapped](#multiple-workspaces))
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- enter running workspace docker container from your terminal
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If you want to enter running workspace container from your terminal execute:
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```sh
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docker exec -it space-1 /bin/zsh
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```
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If you don't want to use z-shell
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```
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docker exec -it space-1 /bin/bash
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```
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You can work in Ubuntu terminal now. Execute the followinng command to know your workspace user
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> `whoami`
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### Multiple workspaces
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Every workspace requires range of ports. If one workspace is up and running, the ports 8020-8030 are taken.
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In order to start another workspace it is necessary either to stop currently runnning workspace, or to run another workspace
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on the different port range.
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If you are planning to run multiple workspaces at the same time, you can run second workspace with different port range
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```sh
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docker run --name space-2 -d -p 8040-8050:8020-8030 -e ENTRY_PORT=8040 alnoda/workspace-in-docker
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```
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Notice that in addition we need to set environmental variable ENTRY_PORT, which should be equal to the first port in the new range.
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This is needed for the documentation main page to set up correct links to other tools (Filebrowser, Cronicle etc.)
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### Open more ports
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We started workspace container with a port range mapped "-p 8020-8030". If you are planning to expose more applications
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from inside of a container, add additional port mapping, for example
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```sh
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docker run --name space-1 -d -p 8020-8030:8020-8030 -p 8080:8080 alnoda/workspace-in-docker
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```
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You can add multiple port mappings:
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```sh
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docker run --name space-1 -d -p 8020-8030:8020-8030 -p 8080:8080 -p 443:443 alnoda/workspace-in-docker
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```
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**NOTE:** It is not a problem if you don't expose any ports, but later on realise you need them -
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you will just create new image, and run it exposing the required port (look in the section [Create new image](#create-new-workspace-image))
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### Run as root
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The default user is **abc** with passwordless sudo to install packages. If you'd rather work as root, then you should ssh into running container as
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```sh
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docker exec -it --user=root space-1 /bin/zsh
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```
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You can of course open several terminals to the same running containner as both abc and root users at the same time.
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### Docker in docker
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It is possible to work with docker directly from the workspace. In order to be able to use docker directly inside the workspace,
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start the workspace with mounting `/var/run/docker.sock` and using root user:
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```
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docker run --name space-1 -d -p 8020-8030:8020-8030 -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --user=root alnoda/workspace-in-docker
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```
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Alternatively you can run workspace as non-root
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```sh
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docker run --name space-1 -d -p 8020-8030:8020-8030 -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock alnoda/workspace-in-docker
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```
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but whenever you want to use docker enter into the workspace container as root
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```
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docker exec -it --user=root space-1 /bin/zsh
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```
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### Run on remote server
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Because workspace is just a docker image, running it in cloud is as easy as running it on local laptop. There are only 3 steps involved:
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- get virtual server on your favourite cloud (Digital Ocean, Linode, AWS, GC, Azure ...)
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- [install docker](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/) on this server
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- ssh to the remote server and start workspace with envronmental variable `-e WRK_HOST="<ip-of-your-remote-server>"`
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```
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docker run --name space-1 -d -p 8020-8030:8020-8030 -e WRK_HOST="<ip-of-your-remote-server>" alnoda/workspace-in-docker
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```
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if docker-in-docker needed then
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```
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docker run --name space-1 -d -p 8020-8030:8020-8030 -e WRK_HOST="<ip-of-your-remote-server>" -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock alnoda/workspace-in-docker
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```
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Open in your browser `<ip-of-your-remote-server>:8020`
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When running workspace-in-docker on the remote server, it is useful to add authentication mechanism, otherwise anyone in the world
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who gets to know the IP of the remote server will be able to use your workspace. We have created a docker-compose file, that will
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let you launching workspace with authentication - [read the instructions here](https://github.com/Alnoda/workspaces-in-docker/blob/main/workspaces/workspace-in-docker/md/auth-for-remote-workspace.md)
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> [Check out the complete docs](https://alnoda.org) to know more.
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## Use Workspace
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The common actions inside the workspace include
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- installation of new applications and runtimes
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- edit files, write code, scripts
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- build, compile and execute code
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- start/stop applications and services
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- schedule tasks and scripts
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- process data
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### Install new packages
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Install new packages with ```sudo apt install```. The default abc user is allowed to install packages.
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For example, in order to install [Emacs text editor](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/) make sure you
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have entered running docker container (of the workspace), and execute in terminal
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> `sudo apt install emacs`
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### Schedule jobs with Cron
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Schedule execution of any task with cron - a time-based job scheduler in Unix-like computer operating systems.
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In order to create scheduled job enter running docker container, and execute in terminal
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> `crontab -e`
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*(chose [1] nano as editor on the first time)*
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In the end of the opened file add line
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> `* * * * * echo $(whoami) >> /home/cron.txt`
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This will print every minute username to file */home/cron.txt* . *(Hit Ctrl+X to exit nano)*
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Hint: example of cron job definition:
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```
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.---------------- minute (0 - 59)
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| .------------- hour (0 - 23)
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| | .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
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| | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
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| | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
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* * * * * command to be executed
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```
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**NOTE** you can disconnect from the image and close terminal - cron will continue working.
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> In addition to the commonly known ***cron scheduler*** you can use Cronicle - the tool with Web UI and great features
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> which is bundeled together with the workspace-in-docker.
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### Python
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Python, Pip and Venv are installed. To start python console, enter running docker container, and execute in terminal
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> `python`
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install python package with pip, for
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> `pip install pandas`
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If you are planning to work with python, we recommend to install IPython, that provides a rich toolkit to help
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you make the most of using Python interactively. Install and start ipython
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> ```pip install ipython```
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> `ipython`
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Example of using [venv](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/venv.html)
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> `cd ~p; mkdir /home/project/venv-test; cd venv-test`
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> `python3 -m venv example-env`
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> `source example-env/bin/activate`
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### Node.js
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We recommend to use nodeenv to create different node environments.
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For example, create folder npmgui, and activate environment with node v. 12.18.3 and npm v.6.0.0 (make sure you are inside workspace docker container)
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> `cd /home`
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> `mkdir npmgui; cd npmgui`
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> `nodeenv --node=12.18.3 --npm=6.0.0 env`
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Let's install package and start node application
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> `. env/bin/activate && npm i -g npm-gui`
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> `npm-gui 0.0.0.0:8030`
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Open your browser on http://localhost:8030/
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**NOTE:** If you close terminal, the application will stop. See how to [start applications that keep running after closing a workspace terminal](#run-applications-and-services-inside-the-workspace)
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### Run applications and services inside the workspace
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If you want application to keep running after terminal is closed start it with **"&!"** at the end.
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For example, enter into the running workspace container, and start the example node application from the previous section:
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> `cd /home/npmgui`
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> `. env/bin/activate && npm i -g npm-gui &!`
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Now, if you disconnect from the workspace and close terminal, the application will still continue running in the workspace, untill [workspace is stopped](#start-and-stop-workspaces).
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If you want application to start automatically each time workspaces is restarted, or the new workspace is created, see [running applications permanently](extend.md#add-applications-and-services)
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## Manage workspaces
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Workspace is just a docker container. You can start, stop, delete and do anything you can do with docker images and containers.
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There are two concepts to keep in mind: **images** and **containers**. Images are workspace blueprints. For example, **alnoda/workspace-in-docker** -
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is an image. When you execute this command
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```sh
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docker run --name space-1 -d -p 8020-8030:8020-8030 alnoda/workspace-in-docker
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```
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you create container called **space-1** from the image **alnoda/workspace-in-docker**. You can create any number of containers, but you need to
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[map different ports to each of them](#multiple-workspaces).
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Container - is your workspace. You can start, stop and delete them. You can run multiple workspace containers at the same time, or work with
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one workspace at a time.
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From the workspace (which is a container) you can create new image. This is called **commit docker image**.
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Essentially, this means *"take my workspace and create new image with all the changes I've done in my workspace*"
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### Start and stop workspaces
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The workspace started in daemon mode will continue working in the background.
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See all the running docker containers (including workspaces)
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```
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docker ps
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```
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Stop workspace
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```sh
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docker stop space-1
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```
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Workspace is stopped. All the processes and cron jobs are not running.
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See all docker conntainers, including stopped
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```
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docker ps -a
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```
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Start workspace again. Processes and cron jobs are resumed.
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```sh
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docker start space-1
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```
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Delete workspace container (all work will be lost)
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```
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docker rm space-1
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```
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### Create new workspace image
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Having made changes, you can commit them creating new image of the workspace. In order to create new workspace image with the
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name "space-image" and version "0.2" execute
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```
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docker commit space-1 space-image:0.2
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```
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Run new workspace with
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```
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docker run --name space2 -d space-image:0.2
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```
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The new workspace accommodates all the changes that you've made in your space-1. Hence you can have versions of your workspaces.
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Create different versions before the important changes.
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### Manage workspace images
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See all docker images
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```
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docker images
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```
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Delete workspace image entirely
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```
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docker rmi -f alnoda/workspace-in-docker
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```
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**NOTE:** you cannot delete image if there is a running container created from it. Stop container first.
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### Save and load workspace images
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After you commit workspace container, and create new image out of it, you can push it to your docker registry or save it as a file.
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#### Save workspace as file
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Assuming you created new image **space-image:0.4** from your workspace, you can save it as a tar file
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```
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docker save space-image:0.4 > space-image-0.4.tar
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```
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We can delete the image with
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```
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docker rmi -f space-image:0.4
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```
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And restore it from the tar file
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```
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docker load < space-image-0.4.tar
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```
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#### Push workspace to private docker registry
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A better way to manage images is docker registries. You can use docker registries in multiple clouds. They are cheap annd very convenient.
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Check out for example, [Registry in DigitalOcean](https://www.digitalocean.com/products/container-registry/) or in [Scaleway container registry](https://www.scaleway.com/en/container-registry/). There are more.
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Pushing image to registry is merely 2 extra commands: 1) tag image; 2) push image
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You will be able to pull image on any device, local or cloud. |